发货人和第三方物流将“最后一公里”推进到“最后一米”

发货人和第三方物流将“最后一公里”推进到“最后一米”

Shippers, 3PLs go beyond the last mile to the 'last yard'

Shefali Kapadia

PUBLISHED Oct. 1, 2018

简要研读：

Dive Brief:

根据第23届第三方物流年度研究报告显示，在一个电商驱动的商业环境中，超过70%的发货人和第三方物流提供商确认了对于“最后一米”的服务需求，这是“最后一公里”服务的进一步扩展。

In an e-commerce driven environment, more than 70% of shippers and third party logistics providers (3PLs) recognize the need for "last-yard" services, the next step beyond the last mile, according to the 23rd annual Third-Party Logistics Study.

然而，管理“最后一米”是一项挑战，53%的发货人回应说他们对于“最后一米”的管理是有效的，但只有34%的第三方物流商这么认为。

Managing the last yard, however, presents a challenge, with 53% of shippers responding they effectively manage the last yard, and only 34% of 3PLs agreeing last-yard logistics was managed effectively.

发货人对于“最后一米”的服务中，最担心的问题是延迟、损坏、错放和丢失。

Delayed, damaged, misplaced and lost deliveries were the top last-yard concerns among shippers.

深入研读：

Dive Insight:

对于发货人而言，“最后一公里”一直是整个供应链中成本最高也最具挑战性的环节，而“最后一米”也不见得容易管理。

Last-mile logistics have consistently been one of most expensive and challenging parts of a supply chain for shippers to manage, and last-yard logistics aren't much easier to tackle.

“‘最后一米’有可能变得一团糟，”报告声称。

"Last-yard logistics can be chaotic," the study said.

“最后一公里”表示将货物配送到零售门店或者客户家门口，“最后一米”则表示客户接收货物并将其放到最终使用地点的过程。

While the last mile could be delivery from a retail store to a customer's front door, the last yard represents the customer receiving that package and taking it to its point of use.

在一个B2B的场景中，备件也许会被（“最后一公里”服务）送至（收货人的）收货平台，“最后一米”承担的职能就是将这个备件送至生产组装的工位上。

In a B2B scenario, repair parts may be sent to a receiving dock, and the last yard is the movement to the manufacturing location where the parts will be used.

B2B和B2C场景中“最后一米”的示例。引自：第三方物流研究（译者注：原图直接加上翻译）

Examples of the last yard in B2B and B2C scenarios. Credit: Third-Party Logistics Study

虽然对于发货人而言，无论是象征意义还是实际位置，“最后一米”都远离其控制的范围，但价值链环节中的这一部分对于管理以客户为中心的供应链的增长是至关重要的。

The last yard may seem physically and metaphorically far away from the shipper, but this part of the value chain is essential for managing growth in consumer-centric supply chains.

“对‘最后一米’的职能的执行能力将决定客户需求是否能得到充分满足。”报告宣称。

"The capable execution of last-yard responsibilities will determine whether the customer’s needs are fully satisfied or not," the report stated.

许多发货人已经采取了一些创新性方法来满足“最后一米”的需求。一些零售商已经在尝试将易变质的食品送到顾客的冰箱中，而不仅仅是放在家门口的台阶上。

Many shippers have taken innovative steps to fulfill the last yard. Some retailers have tested delivering perishables inside a customer's refrigerator rather than leaving the items on the doorstep.

快递柜也越来越受欢迎。亚马逊在一些公寓推出了快递柜服务（译者注：参见6月22日本公众号发布的文章《亚马逊想插手你所有的快递》），UPS也在一些住宅区启动了“锁控递送”的服务以确保包裹的安全配送（译者注：“锁控递送”是译者的意译，这个服务目前是在纽约一些有锁的公寓楼门口安装一个联网的电子密码器，快递员每次通过密码进入公寓内，将包裹放在大厅或者公寓收发室）。这些概念的应用消除了物流服务商和客户之间的人工干预。

Package lockers have grown in popularity, as well. Amazon has rolled out package lockers in several apartment buildings, and UPS launched a pilot with Latch to securely place parcels inside residential complexes. These concepts eliminate "staff intervention" between the logistics provider and customer.

“最后一米”仍然有相当大的提升空间。报告中提及，收发室和收货部门需要进行现代化的改造，以便更好的处理物流需求。此外，科技和软件水平的发展能确保发货人和第三方物流商实时了解配送的状态。

Still, there's more room for improvement in the last yard. The report noted mail rooms and receiving departments need to be modernized to better handle logistics. In addition, technology and software can keep shippers and 3PLs informed in real-time of a delivery status.

最后一米“提醒了我们供应链的复杂性，以及需要供应链的各个参与方（例如第三方物流商和客户）同心协力地识别其需求并采取合适的解决方法。”报告指出。

The last yard is "a reminder of the complexity of supply chains and the need for supply chain participants (e.g., 3PLs and their customers) to work together to identify and implement appropriate solutions," the study said.

此文系作者个人观点，不代表罗戈网立场

-END-